亚当·斯密在《国富论》第八章中引用的早期人口学家#理查德·坎梯隆##Richard Cantillon# 的推算逻辑

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8.14 -8.16 均衡：劳动工资标准
But though, in disputes with their workmen, masters must generally have the advantage, there is, however, a certain rate, below which it seems impossible to reduce, for any considerable time, the ordinary wages even of the lowest species of labour.

不过，在争议中，雇主虽常居于有利地位，但劳动工资有一定的标准，在相当长的期间内，即使最低级劳动者的普通工资，似也不能减到这一定标准之下。

A man must always live by his work, and his wages must at least be sufficient to maintain him. They must even upon most occasions be somewhat more, otherwise it would be impossible for him to bring up a family. and the race of such workmen could not last beyond the first generation. #Mr Cantillon# seems, upon this account, to suppose that the lowest species of common labourers must everywhere earn at least double their own maintenance, in order that, one with another, they may be enabled to bring up two children; the labour of the wife, on account of her necessary attendance on the children, being supposed no more than sufficient to provide for herself: But one half the children born, it is computed, die before the age of manhood. The poorest labourers, therefore, according to this account, must, one with another, attempt to rear at least four children, in order; that two may have an equal chance of living to that age. But the necessary maintenance of four children, it is supposed, may be nearly equal to that of one man. The labour of an able-bodied slave, the same author adds, is computed to be worth double his maintenance ; and that of the meanest labourer, he thinks, cannot be worth less than that of an able-bodied slave. Thus far at least seems certain, that, in order to bring up a family, the labour of the husband and wife together must, even in the lowest species of common labour, be able to earn something more than what is precisely necessary for their own maintenance; but in what proportion, whether in that above-mentioned, or many other, I shall not take upon me to determine.

需要靠劳动过活的人，其工资至少须足够维持其生活。在大多数场合，工资还得稍稍超过足够维持生活的程度，否则劳动者就不能赡养家室而传宗接代了。#坎梯隆#似乎因此推测，最下级普通劳动者，为供养儿女二人，至少须取得倍于自身所需的生活费，而其妻子，由于需要照料儿女，其劳动所得，只够维持自己。但据一般计算，常有半数儿童在未成年以前死去。因此，最贫穷的劳动者按照上述计算，一般都想至少养育四个孩子，以便能有两个孩子活到成人年龄。但坎梯隆认为，四个孩子的必要扶养费也许和一个成年人的生活费几乎相等。他还说，一个强壮奴隶劳动的价值，算来倍于其生活费，一个最低级劳动者劳动的价值，不可能低于一个强壮奴隶劳动的价值。因此，至少这一点似乎是肯定的：为赡养家属，即使最低级普通劳动者夫妇二人劳动所得，也必须能稍稍超过维持他俩自身生活所需要的费用。但是，这种超过额，是按什么比例，是按上述比例，或是按其他比例，我不想加以确定。

There are certain circumstances, however, which sometimes give the labourers an advantage, and enable them to raise their wages considerably above this rate, evidently the lowest which is consistent with common humanity.

可是，有某些情况，有时也使劳动者立于有利地位，并使他们能够得到大大超过上述工资的工资。很明显，上述工资是符合一般人道标准的最低工资。

解读：最低工资标准必须稍高于日常基本生活所需。