我们写作的时候经常需要表达这样的意思“某人做某事有困难”,我看到不少同学直接写成了:somebody is hard to do something
比如:Many young people are hard to keep a balance between work and life.
但这样写是有问题的,因为hard修饰的对象应该是事情或动作,而不是人。如果写成somebody is hard,那么意思就变成了“这个人很难搞/很严厉”。
比如:My boss is hard. 我的老板很严厉。
要表达“某人做某事有困难”,正确的说法是somebody finds it hard/difficult to do something
比如:Many young people find it hard to keep a balance between work and life.
这个句式里面it是形式宾语,指代后面的to keep a balance between work and life
句子原本语序是:Many young people find to keep a balance between work and life hard.
但这样写会头重脚轻,因此需要用it占住宾语的位置,再把真正的不定式宾语挪到句尾。
除了这一句式,要表达“做某事很困难”,还有一个常见写法:somebody struggles to do something
比如:She struggles to understand advanced math. 她很难理解高等数学。
除此之外,外刊里面还有一个很形象的短语:an uphill battle/struggle
其中uphill意思是“上坡的”,an uphill battle/struggle相当于“挣扎着上坡”,引申为“艰难的斗争”。
短语常见的用法是:doing something is an uphill battle/struggle for somebody
比如下面的外媒标题:
Finding biological parents abroad is an uphill struggle for adoptees
(对被收养的人而言,跨国寻找亲生父母是一条异常艰难的道路。)
文章开头的句子也可以采用这一句式,改为:
Keeping a balance between work and life is an uphill struggle for many young people.
另外,虽然不能说somebody is hard to do something,但是在一些情况下可以说 somebody is hard to + transitive verb(及物动词)
这里的及物动词修饰对象就是句子开头的somebody,表示“某人很难被……”或“某人是个很难……的人”。这类句式在英语语法中被称为Tough Movement (困难移位)。
比如:He is hard to please. 他很难取悦。此时please是及物动词,修饰的对象是he
句子的逻辑关系相当于:To please him is hard.
又比如:He is hard to understand. 要理解他很困难。逻辑关系相当于:To understand him is hard.
满足这一结构的及物动词还有impress, convince, persuade, trust, read等等,我们遇到了可以多加留意。
