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Crystalluria made of CaOx crystals is the commonest form of crystalluria found in stone formers. The main determinant of CaOx crystal formation is urine supersatu ration owing to excessive concentration of calcium and oxalate ions, reflected by their molar product (pCaOx). very low concentration of low molecular weight inhibitors such as citrate and magnesium ions may also induce crys talluria. However, CaOx crystals do not come under a homogeneouscategory, astheypresent commonly intwo different forms, CaOx monohydrate (COM, or whewellite) and CaOx dihydrate (COD, or weddellite) according to the respective concentrations of Ca and Ox ions (Fig.1). A third form, namely CaOx trihydrate or caoxite may be scarcely found in urine (Fig. 2).
由CaOx晶体组成的晶体尿是结石形成者中最常见的晶体尿形式。CaOx晶体形成的主要决定因素是由于钙和草酸盐离子浓度过高导致的尿液超饱和，这反映在它们的摩尔产物（pCaOx）上。极低浓度的低分子量抑制剂，如柠檬酸盐和镁离子，也可能诱发结晶尿。然而，CaOx晶体并不属于均匀分布，因为根据钙和氧离子的浓度，它们通常以两种不同的形式存在，即CaOx一水合物（COM或whewellite）和CaOx二水合物（COD或weddellite）（图1）。第三种形式，即三水合钙氧化物或钙氧化物，在尿液中几乎找不到（图2）。