Religious Section 宗教篇

Part Five 第五部分

🌹Basic Contents of Buddhist Doctrines 佛教教义的基本內容

《中国文化集锦》
A Collection of Choice Specimens from Chinese Culture
英语七十载厚重岁月情缘
Seventy Years of Deep Affection of Knowledge about the English Language
Variety is the spice of life.
生活需要多姿多彩。/ 丰富多彩是生活的调味品。
There is no shortage of hard-working people in the world, but of those who work hard to the end. 世上从不缺少努力的人，缺的是努力到底的人！
With utter devotion to the country and without any thought of oneself.
心有大我，至诚报国。
Take actions when the right time comes, flourish and forge ahead across the land.
该出手时就出手，红红火火闯九州。
The true meaning of life lies in the fact that: To be an upright person dependably, to handle affairs seriously. 生命的真谛是：“老老实实做人，踏踏实实做事。”
Life has no standard answers; choose the right road and stay single-minded, keep walking — That’s life at its finest. 生命没有标准答案，选择适合自己的路，认认真真、专心致志地走下去就是最好的人生。
Basic Contents of Buddhist Doctrines 佛教教义的基本內容
The purpose of Sakyamuni becoming a monk at the beginning was to free himself from the sufferings of birth, old age, sickness, and death.釋迦牟尼成佛的目的是從生、老、病、死的痛苦中解脫出來。To put it briefly, the basic contents of Buddhist doctrines are “The Four Noble Truths.” 簡單地說，佛教教義的要旨即四諦。這就是說，說世間的苦（苦諦）和苦的原因（因諦），說苦的消滅（滅諦）和滅苦的方法（道諦）。
四聖諦（Catursatya meaning ultimate truth諦的意思就是真理），也叫四諦。
a. Pain exists (Suffering). 說世間的苦（苦諦Duhkhasatya）
The sufferings of the human beings include the suffering of birth誕生的苦惱（生苦）, the ageing suffering衰老的苦惱（老苦）, the suffering of illness疾病的苦惱（病苦）, and the suffering of dying死亡的苦惱（死苦）. Apart from the four sufferings mentioned above, there are other four sufferings such as the suffering of hatred (unwilling to meet but get together) 怨憎會苦（不願相見卻偏在一起）, the suffering of parting with dear ones (willing to be in company but separate from each other) 愛別離苦（願在一起又要分離）， the suffering of wanting something which can not be obtained 求不得苦（想要的得不到）, and the suffering of desiring extremely五陰熾盛（即欲望太盛）等八種苦。The endless sea of bitterness has no bounds, repent and the shore is at hand. 苦海無邊，回頭是岸。As long as people understand the truth of Buddhism, become self-purified, and can extricate themselves; break away from the sea of sufferings and can reach the happiness of Paramita (the yonder shore of salvation) World. This is so-called “repent and the shore is at hand.” 但人們只要領悟佛教的“真理”，做到“自我淨化”，才能被“解脫”，即脫離苦海，達到辛福的彼岸世界，這就是所謂的“回頭是岸”。
b. The cause of pain (The cause of suffering) is “birth sin,” which is the accumulated sins of man’s previous existence. 苦的原因（因諦或集諦Samudyasatya）
c.Pain is only ended by Nirvana (The cessation of suffering). 說苦的消滅（滅諦Nirodhasatya）
d.The Eight Fold Path 八正道that leads to Nirvana (In Buddhism, the state of rest and freedom from desire gained through self-control, and leading to union with the spirit of the universe). “The Noble Eight Fold Path八正道又叫八聖道” consists of ⑴ right conduct正見（正當的見解）, ⑵ right speech正語（正當的語言）, ⑶ right views正思惟（正當的思惟）, ⑷ right aspiration正業（正當的行為是把自己的生活行動受正見的指導，使身口意合於法的法則）, ⑸ right endeavor (effort)正精進（正當的努力；使身口意毫不鬆懈地努力向正見所指的目的前進）, ⑹ right livelihood正命（正當的生活方法，反對詐欺仗勢騙奪他財以養自己的邪命生活）, ⑺ right mindfulness正念（經常憶念著正見，使正見不忘失而經常現前）, and ⑻ right composure (rapture)正定 (or right absorption) 正定就是正確專注或正確沉思（在正見指導下修習進入無漏清淨的禪定）。
滅苦的方法（道諦Margasatya）